Endometriosis

search for a global care policy with a multidisciplinary approach and a gender perspective

Abstract

ABSTRACT: Contextualization. Endometriosis is more than just a gynecological disorder; it is a chronic, systemic, and potentially serious disease characterized by the growth of endometrial tissue outside the uterus, which can occur in various parts of the body. The origin and development of endometriosis is explained by several theories, leading to the understanding that it is a multi-causal disease. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the disease affects about 10% (190 million) of people assigned female at birth throughout their reproductive years. Problem. Despite technological advances in health care, endometriosis remains underdiagnosed and undertreated, with an average diagnostic delay of 7 to 9 years from its first manifestations. The symptoms associated with it—disabling pelvic pain, pain during intimate relations, menstrual pain, and infertility—have physical, emotional, social, and economic impacts throughout the lives of women of reproductive age. The normalization of menstrual pain, structural sexism, lack of investment in research, and absence of specialized multidisciplinary teams aggravate the situation and hinder the formulation of adequate public policies.  Objectives. The objective of this study is to critically analyze the existence and characteristics of global and local public policies focused on endometriosis, verifying whether they are aligned with the real needs of patients, with a focus on expanding access to care, raising awareness of the disease, and implementing a multidisciplinary care model with a gender perspective. Methods. The methodology adopted was a narrative review with documentary analysis. Results. The results indicate that, although there have been specific advances, there is still no consolidated program for endometriosis care at the global level that covers health, education, work, and social security aspects. Conclusions. It is concluded that there is an urgent need to formulate integrated policies, supported by scientific evidence and sensitive to gender inequalities, capable of ensuring comprehensive and equitable care for those affected.